Nivelles |
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a city located in Walloon Brabant, a French-speaking part of Belgium, 30 km south of Brussels and 35 km north-east of Mons. In the Middle Ages, Nivelles was a fortified town surrounded by a huge embankment about 2,5 m wide, in front of which was a deep, partly flooded moat. Entrance to the city was possible only through one of the seven fortified gates, which were guarded by knights and closed at night.
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The city fortifications consisted of nine towers, each of which had narrow gaps, allowing guards to control the approach to the city. In the nineteenth century, the ramparts were demolished when they became an obstacle to the expansion of the city. Today, there are only a few traces of fortifying the city, including Simone Tower, also called the Devil's Tower.
Today, the city has about 24 thousand inhabitants. Nivelles is one of several interesting towns in the area. It is also worth going to Waterloo, the place of spectacular defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, and Villers-la-Ville, with the monumental ruins of the Cistercian abbey. What attracts crowds of tourists to Nivelles is undoubtedly the beautiful collegiate church of St. Gertrude.
Today, the city has about 24 thousand inhabitants. Nivelles is one of several interesting towns in the area. It is also worth going to Waterloo, the place of spectacular defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, and Villers-la-Ville, with the monumental ruins of the Cistercian abbey. What attracts crowds of tourists to Nivelles is undoubtedly the beautiful collegiate church of St. Gertrude.
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After her death, in 659, Gertrude was proclaimed a saint. For centuries, her cult grew and the number of pilgrims wanting to visit Nivelles the place where she lived increased. Therefore, there was a need to build a larger church that could accommodate all the faithful. A temple was built in the early Ottoman-Roman style. In 1046, Bishop Liege, Vase, in the presence of Emperor Henry III, consecrated the church. Saint patron was chosen Gertrude.
This huge collegiate church has two naves and two choirs (presbytery), which was specific for churches built at that time. The eastern choir rises above the crypt. The huge front of the building was built in the 12th century. It has an apse, two chapels on the second floor, a staircase with 132 stairs, a high room, called the Imperial Room, an octagonal tower (rebuilt in Romanesque style in place of the Gothic tower destroyed in 1940 year), on which there is a belfry with 49 bells.
This huge collegiate church has two naves and two choirs (presbytery), which was specific for churches built at that time. The eastern choir rises above the crypt. The huge front of the building was built in the 12th century. It has an apse, two chapels on the second floor, a staircase with 132 stairs, a high room, called the Imperial Room, an octagonal tower (rebuilt in Romanesque style in place of the Gothic tower destroyed in 1940 year), on which there is a belfry with 49 bells.
The collegiate church also has two corner towers. On the southern tower there is a figure of the bell-ringer Jan de Nivelles (Jacquemart), 2,08 m, hammering an hour from 1400 a year. After being damaged during World War II, the figure was renewed in 1984 a year. The southern peak of the eastern transept called the peak of St. Peter was built in the 12th century. The central nave is 102 meters long, making it one of the longest in the world. Under the eastern choir is one of the largest crypts in the region (22 mx 10,4 m). It was built around 1100 a year. It has three naves of equal height, a vault and an apse at the end of the nave.
The archaeological site (VII-X century) discovered during the renovation of the collegiate church ruined as a result of hostilities is unique in Belgium. It shows the foundations and remains of the previous five churches. From the first Merovingian sanctuary (650), with the burial place of St. Gertrude and her parents until the last Basilica of the Carolingians from the 10th century. Excavations were carried out from 1941 to 1952 a year.
The archaeological site (VII-X century) discovered during the renovation of the collegiate church ruined as a result of hostilities is unique in Belgium. It shows the foundations and remains of the previous five churches. From the first Merovingian sanctuary (650), with the burial place of St. Gertrude and her parents until the last Basilica of the Carolingians from the 10th century. Excavations were carried out from 1941 to 1952 a year.
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Inside the collegiate church you can admire the five sculptures of the eighteenth-century artist Laurent Delvaux, including the rich oak-marble pulpit, which is an example of the sculptor's mastery, which, juxtaposing contrasting white marble and varnished wood, harmoniously combined three different styles: baroque, rococo and classicism. Also the inner porch protecting the entrance from the south is the work of Delvaux. It was made of varnished oak wood, decorated with gilding and topped with statues depicting the virtues of bravery and prudence.
Laurent Devlaux was one of the greatest sculptors of that time. His mastery in combining different styles meant that he became the court sculptor of Karol Lorraine.
The next works of Devlaux are in the west wing, in the place where construction of the church began in the eleventh century. We can admire the two sculptures of this artist here. The first presents the figure of St. Gertruda, patron of the collegiate church. Here she is shown in a triumphant way, as if in contrast to her true nature, which was calm and humble. The second statue embodies the father of Gertrude, Pepin the Elder. The beautiful alabaster and marble altar from 1623 is the work of sculptor Jan Thonon of Dinant. It consists of ten alabaster reliefs, including: Adoration of the Shepherds and legendary episodes from the life of St. Gertrude. Originally, two statues were also part of this altar: St. Gertrude and St. Peter which are currently on display in the Imperial Room. The altar is located in the Baroque surroundings in the eastern part of the church, in the place where the organs once stood.
Laurent Devlaux was one of the greatest sculptors of that time. His mastery in combining different styles meant that he became the court sculptor of Karol Lorraine.
The next works of Devlaux are in the west wing, in the place where construction of the church began in the eleventh century. We can admire the two sculptures of this artist here. The first presents the figure of St. Gertruda, patron of the collegiate church. Here she is shown in a triumphant way, as if in contrast to her true nature, which was calm and humble. The second statue embodies the father of Gertrude, Pepin the Elder. The beautiful alabaster and marble altar from 1623 is the work of sculptor Jan Thonon of Dinant. It consists of ten alabaster reliefs, including: Adoration of the Shepherds and legendary episodes from the life of St. Gertrude. Originally, two statues were also part of this altar: St. Gertrude and St. Peter which are currently on display in the Imperial Room. The altar is located in the Baroque surroundings in the eastern part of the church, in the place where the organs once stood.
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Statue of the Blessed Virgin
This unique sculpture depicting the person of the young Virgin Mary is the work of a sculptor active in the 15th century, who was a member of the entourage of Jan Borman. Here we can see the person of the Virgin Mary depicted with her head uncovered and arms folded. In one of the chapels in the eastern part of the collegiate church was placed a beautiful reliquary made of steel, decorated with silver and bronze. It consists of 36 solid silver panels. There are relics of Saint. Gertrude. This modern reliquary was made in 1982 by the artist Felix Roulin. The original Gothic reliquary burned down in the fire of 14 May 1940. Next to the sculptures of St. Gertruda and her father Pepin the Elder, in the western part of the church there is a carriage used during the annual procession to transport the reliquary with the remains of St. Gertrude.
Tour St. Gertrude, because this is the name of this procession, has been taking place since the 13th century on the last Sunday of September or the first Sunday of October to commemorate St. Gertrude. Relics with the remains of the saint are transported in a reliquary placed on a 15th century cart. The procession follows in the footsteps of St. Gertrudy, or the outskirts of the city where the poorest lived at that time.
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The procession route is 14 kilometers. Where there is no path marked out, the procession passes through the fields. In the afternoon, when the reliquary is brought back to the church, a festival takes place in the main square in front of the temple with a fair and disguises on stilts.
The part is only visited with a guide
Next to the collegiate church there is a canon monastery built in the 13th century. Together with the collegiate church, it is the only remains of the abbey founded in the 7th century. This place can be visited only with a guide. Ancient tombstones and bells from the belfry destroyed in 1940 year were put up in the courtyard of the monastery.
Only with a guide we will also visit the archaeological excavations located in the collegiate cellar, the crypt dated to the 11th century, and the Imperial Room located 20 meters above the collegiate courtyard. It occupies the entire inner space (25 mx 8 m) of the west wing (extended, located transversely to the nave, west part of the basilica, characteristic of pre-Romanesque architecture) at this level.
This room includes copy of the 13th-century reliquary to carry the relics of St. Gertruda (original burned down in 1940) and panels from the 15th century that used to decorate the pram of St. Gertrude.
Next to the collegiate church there is a canon monastery built in the 13th century. Together with the collegiate church, it is the only remains of the abbey founded in the 7th century. This place can be visited only with a guide. Ancient tombstones and bells from the belfry destroyed in 1940 year were put up in the courtyard of the monastery.
Only with a guide we will also visit the archaeological excavations located in the collegiate cellar, the crypt dated to the 11th century, and the Imperial Room located 20 meters above the collegiate courtyard. It occupies the entire inner space (25 mx 8 m) of the west wing (extended, located transversely to the nave, west part of the basilica, characteristic of pre-Romanesque architecture) at this level.
This room includes copy of the 13th-century reliquary to carry the relics of St. Gertruda (original burned down in 1940) and panels from the 15th century that used to decorate the pram of St. Gertrude.
The market in Nivelles
St. Collegiate Church Gertruda is surrounded by a large market. We will find many interesting objects on it. Next to the tower of Jan de Nivelles is the du Perron fountain (Stoop fountain) built in 1523 by Adrienne de Moerbeke. Initially, the fountain was crowned with a statue of Archduke Albert (1618), but then it was replaced with a gilded sculpture of Archangel Michael, patron of Nivelles. Walking along the collegiate church, it is worth paying attention to the top of the transept, called Pigeon St. Pierre, from the 13th century. At Place Lambert Schiffelers there is a beautiful building Palais de Justice (court) built in the neo-Gothic style.
On the market you can relax in one of the many restaurants or continue sightseeing. Walking along the Rue de Charleroi, on the left, we can see a series of small seventeenth-century houses. At Rue St. Georges and Rue des Conceptionnistes next historic tenement houses. Those with the numbers 6, 8 and 10 are from the 17th century, the number 15 is the 14th / 15th century, and the number 18 was built in the style of Louis XV in the 17th century.
The Rue des Bruxelles is home to the Archaeological, Art and History Museum. It is situated in an 18th-century building in a quiet street. We will find here, among others a rich 18th-century collection of Frederic Dumesnil's paintings, antique furniture, very rare terracotta made by Lourent Delvaux as models for his monumental works. In addition, tapestries, paintings, musical instruments, coins, documents and historic objects discovered near Nivelles are exhibited here.
On the market you can relax in one of the many restaurants or continue sightseeing. Walking along the Rue de Charleroi, on the left, we can see a series of small seventeenth-century houses. At Rue St. Georges and Rue des Conceptionnistes next historic tenement houses. Those with the numbers 6, 8 and 10 are from the 17th century, the number 15 is the 14th / 15th century, and the number 18 was built in the style of Louis XV in the 17th century.
The Rue des Bruxelles is home to the Archaeological, Art and History Museum. It is situated in an 18th-century building in a quiet street. We will find here, among others a rich 18th-century collection of Frederic Dumesnil's paintings, antique furniture, very rare terracotta made by Lourent Delvaux as models for his monumental works. In addition, tapestries, paintings, musical instruments, coins, documents and historic objects discovered near Nivelles are exhibited here.
