Oudenaarde

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The city is located in the East Flanders region, on the Skalda River. Often referred to as the pearl of the Flemish Ardennes. From the 15th to the 18th century, especially in the 16th century, it was famous for making tapestries. The special Oudenaarde treasure is the beautiful town hall built in the style of the Brabant Gothic, by the architect from Brussels Hendrik van Pede in the years 1527-1530.

Church of St. Walburgii, Oudenaarde, photo: PM

Miasto powstało około XI wieku. W roku 1030 hrabia Flandrii Baldwin IV Brodaty wybudował tu twierdzę, której miasto zostało pozbawione, po bitwie pod Bouvines, w 1214 roku. Na przestrzeni wieków w mieście rozwijał się przemysł tkacki, który przyczynił się do rozbudowy i bogacenia się Oudenaarde. Apogeum korzyści z wyrobu gobelinów przypada na XVI wiek. Wtedy to powstał piękny ratusz z dzwonnicą oraz odnowiono kościół św. Walburgii. Rewolucja ikonoklastów w 1566 roku przyczyniła się do wielu zniszczeń w kościołach.

W roku 1522 w mieście przebywał cesarz Karol V, który wdał się w romans z Joanną van der Gheynst, córką wytwórcy gobelinów. Z tego związku urodziła się, przyrodnia siostra Filipa II, Małgorzata Parmeńska, późniejsza regentka Niderlandów. W XVI i XVII wieku miasto było kilkukrotnie celem ataków Francuzów, a w roku 1708 pod miastem miała miejsce jedna z największych bitew w wojnie o sukcesję hiszpańską. Podczas I Wojny Światowej miasto doznało wielu zniszczeń.

Ratusz z dzwonnicą w Oudenaarde - Dziedzictwo UNESCO

Wspaniały ratusz miejski to dzieło architekta Hendrika van Pede. Budowla powstawała w latach 1526-1537 na miejscu starego XIII-wiecznego domu ławników. Dawne sukiennice, powstałe w XIV wieku stanowią współcześnie rodzaj przybudowy do tylnej części ratusza, którego harmonijna struktura dominuje nad głównym placem miasta. Realizacja ratusza została wykonana w krótkim czasie, co znacznie przyczyniło się do estetycznej jedności budynku będącego jednym z najwspanialszych przykładów gotyku brabanckiego w Belgii.

Above the arcaded vaulted ceiling there is a richly decorated façade with ogival windows separated by niches which, though designed to contain statues, stand empty. The whole is topped with a steep roof surrounded by an openwork window sill.

At the top of the central belfry with three terraces there is a stone crown, which supports the gilded statuette of the Hans-legendary warrior, the oldest citizen and defender Oudenaarde. The crown on the tower and two-headed eagles over the attic windows pay homage to the famous guest of Oudenaarde, Emperor Charles V, who a few years before the construction began, came to the city, where he entered into an affair, the fruit of which was Margaret of Parma, later regent of the Netherlands.

Museum, Oudenaarde

Inside the town hall there are wonderfully decorated rooms with gothic fireplaces, wall paintings and works of the Flemish masters from the school of Adrien Brouwer, the most famous painter Oudenaarde. In the 14th century cloth hall, attached to the rear facade of the town hall, there is a museum dedicated to the art and history of tapestries, the product of which Oudenaarde was famous for. There is also a rich collection of silverware and antique furniture.

St. Walburga's Church, Oudenaarde

Church of St. Walburga

The majestic church tower dominates over Oudenaarde. The first mention of the collegiate church dates from the first half of the 11th century. In the year 1150 the church was rebuilt, the next reconstruction took place in year 1126, after the fire.

This magnificent collegiate church consists of two churches connected together. The connection runs between the choir and transept. The choir is almost in itself a hall church. The 15th century church building plans show that it has never been completed.

The temple consists of a 13th-century choir built in the early Gothic style, with limestone from the area of Tournai and the tower and side aisles, built of sandstone, which are examples of the 15th-century style of the Brabant Gothic.

In the year 1406 an apse was added to the church to honor John the Fearless, the prince of Burgundy. If the construction of the church was completed according to the 15th century plan, it would occupy part of the main market. In the year 1414 a decision was made to rebuild the church, but the implementation of these ambitious plans for financial reasons ended in year 1534. In the year 1620 a huge Gothic tower was crowned with a baroque spire designed by Simon de Pape. The spire burned during a fire in the year 1804.

There are fourteen chapels in the church. The individual chapels are devoted to a saint representing various features. That is why we have here a chapel of craftsmen, whose patron is Saint. Joseph, the bricklayers' chapel (Saint John the Baptist), or the chapel of the rope-makers (St. Mary Magdalene). For three centuries Oudenaarde was the center of making tapestries, which is why the most important chapel in the church of St. Walburga, then the center of religious life for knitters making tapestry, is the chapel dedicated to Saint. Barbara, the patron of the weavers.

In the collegiate there was nothing left of medieval equipment. Everything was destroyed during the fury of iconoclasts in the year 1566. Traces of their activities can be seen immediately after entering the church. On the wall there are two small reliefs destroyed during the riots.

All furniture, sculptures and paintings are mostly made in the style of Baroque and late Baroque. Church of St. Walburga has a rich collection of sculptures, wooden polychrome statues, historic tapestries and paintings.

Opening hours:

april-october: tuesday / thursday / saturday: 14.30- 17.00
june-august: every day except monday: 14.30- 17.00

St. Walburga's Church, Oudenaarde

Beguinage

Beguinage, Oudenaarde, photo. PM

Like many Flemish cities, Oudenaarde also has his Beguinage. Hidden behind the walls, an oasis of peace, rich in small gardens, full of various flowers and plants. A place where time has stopped. A charming witness to the history of the beguines congregation.

Originally the Beguinage in Oudenaarde was located behind the church of St. Walburga. In the year 1449 the beguines received a new home at the current location. They lived here for centuries. The last of them died in the year 1960.

Initially, the Beguinage was entirely surrounded by the Scheldt River. The only entrance was through a baroque gate painted red, on which the fronton is a figure of Saint. Roch, patron of infectious diseases.

Beguinage in Oudenaarde consists of about thirty whitewashed houses grouped around inner courtyards. Only a few of them come from the seventeenth century, the rest was rebuilt in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the revolt of iconoclasts in the year 1566, the sixteenth-century chapel in the Beguinage was destroyed. Nowadays, there is a neo-gothic chapel in its place.

Beguinage, Oudenaarde, photo. PM

Beguinage was created during the Crusades, when many men did not return from the expeditions. They were a kind of city in the city. They had their own bakery, brewery, nurses' house and church. Beguinage managed the so-called Grand Mistress, who organized the beguines' daily life. Beguines often kneading lace or teaching. They had a lot in common with the religious sisters. Just as they lived in a closed community, they vowed obedience, but not poverty. They sacrificed their whole lives to God, without making vows.

Beguinage, Oudenaarde, photo. PM

Strolling Kastelstraat we reach Scheldt, the river that separates Oudenaarde. A magnificent view appears to our eyes. Maagdendale Abbey and the Church of Our Lady of Pamele. We cross Scheldt with a bridge being an interesting construction raised by hydraulic lifts at the time barges flow. Going down from the bridge, turn right, there is a beautiful cascading fountain, built in a year 1852, in recognition of the Queen of Belgium Louise-Marie. The fountain is a copy of the famous cascading fountain standing at the Place la Concorde in Paris. Its creator was Charles van der Straeten.

Oudenaarde fountain, photo: PM

Both buildings are located in the former small town of Pamele, which in the year 1593 was attached to Oudenaarde. Rich lords of Pamele did not spare resources for the development of the town. Probably they financed the construction of a beautiful church dedicated to Our Lady of Pamele. Thanks to the relatively short construction period (1234-1265), the temple is a great example of the Scheldt gothic style, a variant of the early Gothic style, the intersection between the Romanesque and Gothic styles.

It has all the features characteristic of this style. Fully built of blue limestone from the area of Tournai, a tower above the intersection of the transept and the main nave, small round side turrets attached to the facade of the building and elements characteristic of the Gothic style-sharp arches, windows composed of three smaller connected by one arch. Bronze table hanging outside the church's cloister indicates the church construction date, 1234 year and surname of the creator, Arnulf of Binche. It was very rarely practiced in old times.

Among the most important monuments in the temple are two tombs of Pamele barons, spectacular stained glass made in 1930 year, among others by A. Ladon and a magnificent main altar made of sandstone, in which there are statues of the twelve apostles.

At the top of the delicately carved tabernacle stands an impressive ciborium, which has the form of a spire. Unfortunately, the church is no longer used for regular services. For visitors, it is only open from June to August from 14.00 to 17.00.

The abbey was founded in 1233 year. It was one of the most important convents in the former Flanders. The only preserved object from that period is the abbey church, which was built in the 13th century. The abbey suffered greatly during the bombings of the city by French troops in 1684 and as a result of the French Revolution (1789). At that time, the abbey was sold and until 1960 the buildings functioned as barracks. Nowadays, there is a municipal archive and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts.

Oudenaarde, photo: PM

Church of the Virgin of Pamele, photo: PM

Oudenaarde, photo: PM

Next to the church of St. Walburga are a number of interesting buildings. The first one on the right is named Huis Cambier. In the 16th century, the Oudenaarde authorities were located here. After the French Revolution a brewery was organized there.
The most interesting is the building standing next to it. This building, built in the 16th century, was the home of Margaret of Parma. With a facade entirely built of sandstone from Tournai, this building is a unique example of the civil style of the Brabant Gothic. On the left is standing Boudewijn tower. Built probably in the 12th century, the tower is the oldest stone building in Oudenaarde. Built entirely of sandstone from Tournai, due to its appearance it was formerly misidentified as part of the city fortifications.